Histological Evaluation of Pure Titanium Dental Implants Coated with a Mixture of Nano Titanium Oxide and Nano Hydroxyapatite

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v21i1.1158

Keywords:

Nano TiO2, nano HA, dental implant coating, histological assessment

Abstract

Background: Dental implant surface characteristics affect the success of implant treatment. Many studies have focused on coating titanium (Ti) implant surfaces with bioactive materials. Bio-active surfaces play a crucial role in enhancing the healing process of the human bone tissue surrounding dental implants.

Aims of the research: This study aims to evaluate the histological response and bonding strength of titanium screws coated with a combination of nano-sized titanium oxide (TiO₂) and nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) after healing intervals of two and six weeks.

Materials and methods:  A suspension was prepared using 5.27 g of nano-hydroxyapatite and 2.68 g of nano-titanium oxide. Commercially pure Grade II titanium screws, measuring 3.0 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length, were coated using the dip-coating technique. The presence of the nano-coating on the titanium surfaces was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microscopic analysis. For histological evaluation, some screws were coated with the nano TiO₂–HA mixture, while others were coated solely with nano-HA, and both types were implanted into the tibiae of New Zealand rabbits. Peri-implant bone formation was analyzed at two and six weeks post-implantation using a light microscope equipped with a GT-N7100 camera.

 

Results: Optical microscopy revealed a uniform, crack-free coating layer on the titanium screw surfaces. XRD patterns confirmed the presence of both hydroxyapatite and titanium dioxide phases. Histological analysis showed enhanced new bone formation in the group with the TiO₂–HA mixture coating, evidenced by early osteoblast proliferation and more advanced bone maturation at both two and six weeks post-surgery, when compared to implants coated only with nano-hydroxyapatite.

Conclusion: The implant coating mixture of nano TiO2 & nano  HA promotes new bone formation more rapidly than a coating of nano  hydroxyapatite alone.

References

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Published

30.06.2025

How to Cite

Histological Evaluation of Pure Titanium Dental Implants Coated with a Mixture of Nano Titanium Oxide and Nano Hydroxyapatite. (2025). Mustansiria Dental Journal, 21(1), 71-84. https://doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v21i1.1158

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