Periodontal health status and treatment need among Iraqi orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliance

Abstract

Back ground/Aim: Orthodontic treatment enables the establishment of functional
occlusion and improvement of oral health, however, it increases the risk
of periodontal disease development through plaque retention and difficulty of
keeping a good oral hygiene. So the present study was performed to evaluate the
periodontal health status and determination of treatment need among Iraqi
orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliance.
Material and method: A total number of 224 orthodontic patients wearing fixed
appliance were enrolled in the study. They were attending Al-Mustansiria teaching
hospital at college of dentistry/Al-Mustansiria University /department of
orthodontics, pedodontics and preventive dentistry for follow up visits of their
orthodontic fixed appliances in addition to the patients attending the private clinic
of the researchers. Evaluation the periodontal health status and determination of
treatment need were achieved using CPITN (Community Periodontal Index for
Treatment Need), the degree of gingival enlargement and high frenal
attachment. The sample was divided into 2 groups according to age factor
(adolescents and adults).
Results: The total number & percentages of CPITN scores for the total sample were
calculated. The highest number and percentage were of (scores 0, 1 &2), {258
(19.19 %), 250 (18.60 %) & 800 (59.52 %)} respectively with highly significant
difference of score 2 from other scores. The percentages of scores (0, 1 & 2) in the
two age groups (adolescents and adults). The percentages of scores (0, 1 & 2) in
the adolescents were (17.32 %, 20.47 % & 60.67 %) respectively with highly
significant difference of score 2. The percentages of scores (0, 1 & 2) in the adults
were (30.51 %, 27.69% and 39.90 %) respectively with significant difference of
score 2. The treatment need for the whole sample was 100% for codes 1 and 2 of
treatment need ( oral health instructions & scaling and root planing) also these
codes of treatment were higher than other codes significantly, especially code 3
(complex treatment, deep scaling ,surgical intervention) in adolescents and adults
were (4.5% and 3%) respectively. Regarding the gingival enlargement the
numbers and percentages of the enlargement scores (0, 1, 2 & 3) of the total
sample were 115 (43%), 85 (31%), 52 (19%) and 14 (5.26%) respectively