@article{AL-Hawezi_Saaed_2019, title={Smear Layer Removal and Apical Extrusion Evaluation Among Different Irrigating Techniques and Solutions (In vitro Comparative study)}, volume={14}, url={https://mdj.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/mdj/article/view/785}, DOI={10.32828/mdj.v14i1.785}, abstractNote={<p>Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of<br>Endovac, Vibringe and needle with different irrigation solutions on removal of<br>smear layer and apical extrusion of irrigating solution.<br>Methods: Seventy-two sound human premolar teeth were used and divided into three<br>experimental groups (n=24) according to the type of irrigation technique used: Ingroup<br>1 irrigation was performed with Vibringe. In-group 2 irrigation was<br>performed with a 30-gauge side-vented irrigation needle. In-group 3 irrigation was<br>performed with Endovac. Instrumentation was performed by using the ProTaper<br>files. Each main group divided into three sub-groups (n=8) according to irrigation<br>solution used: In sub-group 1 Irrigation was performed with 5.25% Sodium<br>hypochlorite (NaOCL). In sub-group 2 Irrigation was performed with 17%<br>Ethylene Diamin Tetra Acidic Acid (EDTA). In sub-group 3 Irrigation was<br>performed with 5.25% NaOCL and 17 % EDTA. The amount of extruded<br>irrigating solution was then measured by subtracting the weight before final<br>irrigation from the weight after final irrigation using the electronic balance. The<br>cleanliness of smear layer removal was evaluated using scanning electron<br>microscopy.<br>Results: The results showed that the group that resulted in more irrigation extrusion<br>was as follow from highest to lowest: side-vented >Vibringe> Endovac. The<br>difference among all groups was significant. As for cleaning results, smear layer<br>collection in both EndoVac and Vibringe groups were less than side-vented group<br>and these differences were significant. When the three irrigating solutions<br>compared the differences among all the groups were significant and combination<br>of (5.25% NaOCL and 17 % EDTA) resulted in more smear layer removal.<br>Conclusion: In conclusion, the EndoVac irrigation system extruded significantly less<br>irrigant solution than both the Vibringe and needle irrigation systems. Smear layer<br>collection was least in the apical third regarding the EndoVac irrigation system<br>and resulted in more Smear layer removal. And combination of NaOCL and<br>EDTA group was more effective on smear layer removal than other two groups.<br><br></p>}, number={1}, journal={Mustansiria Dental Journal}, author={AL-Hawezi, Dr. Sazgar S. Q. and Saaed, Dr. Dara H.}, year={2019}, month={Jan.}, pages={29–37} }